As the UK increasingly adopts artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies, refugees and migrants face growing challenges due to a lack of access to digital devices, internet connectivity, digital skills, and language support. Digital exclusion is no longer simply a technological issue; it is a significant barrier to integration, economic participation, and access to essential services.

Based on Reconnection's experience supporting refugees and migrants, digital exclusion has the following impacts:

1. Reduced Access to Essential Services

Many services, including immigration, housing, healthcare, welfare, and education, are now primarily delivered online. Those with limited digital access or skills often struggle to navigate these systems, resulting in missed opportunities, delayed support, and increased vulnerability.

2. Barriers to Employment

AI-driven recruitment, online job applications, and digital interview processes are now standard. Limited digital skills can restrict access to employment opportunities, increase reliance on low-paid work, and hinder economic integration.

3. Social Isolation

Digital tools are essential for maintaining family connections and building social networks. Digital exclusion can lead to loneliness, reduced community participation, and weaker support networks, particularly for newly arrived individuals.

4. Language and Communication Challenges

AI-powered translation and language-learning tools can support integration, but only for those who can access and use them. Limited multilingual digital services can further increase dependence on others and reduce independence.

5. Educational Disadvantages

Access to education increasingly relies on digital platforms and AI-supported learning tools. Refugees and migrants who lack devices, connectivity, or digital skills face barriers to learning, skills development, and future employment opportunities.

6. Risk of AI Bias and Discrimination

As AI is increasingly used in recruitment, public services, and border management, refugees and migrants may be disadvantaged by algorithmic bias or a lack of understanding of automated decision-making processes.

7. Limited Access to Information and Rights

Digital exclusion restricts access to reliable information about legal rights, immigration procedures, education, healthcare, and employment. This can increase vulnerability to misinformation, exploitation, and fraud.

8. Impact on Mental Health and Wellbeing

Difficulties accessing services and participating fully in society can contribute to stress, anxiety, and feelings of exclusion. In contrast, digital inclusion promotes confidence, independence, and a stronger sense of belonging.

Digital exclusion is a growing challenge in the AI age and risks widening existing inequalities for refugees and migrants in the UK. Addressing barriers to digital access, skills, and inclusion is essential to ensuring equitable access to services, education, employment, and full participation in society.